In the measure bar in which it appears, an accidental sign raises or lowers the immediately following note and any repetition of it in the bar from its normal pitch, overriding sharps or flats or their absence in the key signature.
One occasionally sees double sharps or flats, which raise or lower the indicated note by a whole tone. Accidentals apply within the measure and octave in which they appear, unless canceled by another accidental sign, or tied into a following measure. If a note has an accidental and the note is repeated in a different octave within the same measure, the accidental does not apply to the same note of the different octave.
Click on the link Music Basics and review the following lessons in the Basics Section:. Skip to main content. Melody, Harmony, and Scales. Search for:. Licenses and Attributions. For example, for some music theorists in ancient Greece higher sounding notes were visually placed below lower sounding notes.
Example 5 demonstrates why this was the case for some authors in ancient Greece:. Example 5. Notes cannot convey pitch information if the staff on which they appear does not include a clef.
A clef indicates which pitches are assigned to the lines and spaces on a staff also see Reading Clefs. The two most commonly used clefs today are the treble clef and bass clef. Two other clefs that you may encounter are the alto clef and the tenor clef. Example 6 shows four notes, each placed after a treble, bass, alto, and tenor clef:. Higher notes, such as those played by a flute or sung by a soprano, are usually written in treble clef, and lower notes, such as those played by a trombone or sung by a bass, are usually written in bass clef.
Alto and tenor clefs are relatively rare compared to treble and bass. But in some cases, alto clef is used for medium-high notes, and tenor clef is used for medium-low notes.
One can draw a treble clef in three simple steps, as demonstrated in Example 7 :. First, draw a slanted vertical line that extends slightly above and below the staff. Next, draw a half circle that intersects with your slanted line at the second from top line of the staff.
Finally, circle around the second from bottom line of the staff. Likewise, one can also draw a bass clef in three steps, as shown in Example 8 :. First, draw a dot on the second from top line of the staff. One can draw an alto clef in four steps, as Example 9 shows:. First, draw a thick vertical line that spans the staff.
Next, draw a thinner vertical line next to the thicker vertical line. A tenor clef is also drawn in four steps, as seen in Example 10 :. A tenor clef and an alto clef are drawn the same; however, the tenor clef is shifted up one line of the staff higher than an alto clef.
First, draw a thick vertical line that begins on the second from bottom line of the staff and extends slightly above the staff. A half note lasts twice as long as a quarter note, and so forth. Music is sound and silence. The silence part is made up of pauses between notes. There is no sound during a pause.
Just like notes, there are whole rests, half rests, quarter rests, eighth rests, sixteenth rests, thirty-second rests, and sixty-fourth rests. A whole rest would last twice as long as a half rest.
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