It is evident, on our theory , that coasts merely fringed by reefs cannot have subsided to any perceptible amount; and therefore they must, since the growth of their corals, either have remained stationary or have been upheaved. Now, it is remarkable how generally it can be shown, by the presence of upraised organic remains, that the fringed islands have been elevated: and so far, this is indirect evidence in favour of our theory.
Charles Darwin, The Voyage of the Beagle , An example of a fundamental principle in physics, first proposed by Galileo in and extended by Einstein in , is the following: All observers traveling at constant velocity relative to one another, should witness identical laws of nature. From this principle, Einstein derived his theory of special relativity. Alan Lightman, Harper's , December In non-scientific use, however, hypothesis and theory are often used interchangeably to mean simply an idea, speculation, or hunch though theory is more common in this regard :.
The theory of the teacher with all these immigrant kids was that if you spoke English loudly enough they would eventually understand. Doctorow, Loon Lake , Chicago is famous for asking questions for which there can be no boilerplate answers.
Example: given the probability that the federal tax code, nondairy creamer, Dennis Rodman and the art of mime all came from outer space, name something else that has extraterrestrial origins and defend your hypothesis. John McCormick, Newsweek , 5 Apr. In his mind's eye, Miller saw his case suddenly taking form: Richard Bailey had Helen Brach killed because she was threatening to sue him over the horses she had purchased.
It was, he realized, only a theory , but it was one he felt certain he could, in time, prove. Full of urgency, a man with a mission now that he had a hypothesis to guide him, he issued new orders to his troops: Find out everything you can about Richard Bailey and his crowd.
Howard Blum, Vanity Fair , January Louis Menand, The Metaphysical Club , Researchers use this information to support the gateway drug theory — the hypothesis that using one intoxicating substance leads to future use of another. Fox, the business and economics columnist for Time magazine, tells the story of the professors who enabled those abuses under the banner of the financial theory known as the efficient market hypothesis. Since this casual use does away with the distinctions upheld by the scientific community, hypothesis and theory are prone to being wrongly interpreted even when they are encountered in scientific contexts—or at least, contexts that allude to scientific study without making the critical distinction that scientists employ when weighing hypotheses and theories.
The most common occurrence is when theory is interpreted—and sometimes even gleefully seized upon—to mean something having less truth value than other scientific principles.
The alternative hypothesis states that there is a relationship between the two variables being studied one variable has an effect on the other. An experimental hypothesis predicts what change s will take place in the dependent variable when the independent variable is manipulated.
It states that the results are not due to chance and that they are significant in terms of supporting the theory being investigated. The null hypothesis states that there is no relationship between the two variables being studied one variable does not affect the other.
There will be no changes in the dependent variable due to the manipulation of the independent variable. It states results are due to chance and are not significant in terms of supporting the idea being investigated. A non-directional two-tailed hypothesis predicts that the independent variable will have an effect on the dependent variable, but the direction of the effect is not specified.
It just states that there will be a difference. A directional one-tailed hypothesis predicts the nature of the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable. It predicts in which direction the change will take place. Upon analysis of the results, an alternative hypothesis can be rejected or supported, but it can never be proven to be correct.
The independent variable is manipulated by the researcher and the dependent variable is the outcome which is measured. Would the actual big bang theory—the one that refers to the beginning of the universe—mean the same thing as a big bang hypothesis?
Read to find out! Words related to hypothesis assumption , axiom , conclusion , conjecture , explanation , guess , inference , interpretation , premise , proposition , rationale , supposition , theorem , thesis , antecedent , assignment , attribution , basis , belief , condition. Guide: How to effectively incorporate customer journey mapping into your marketing strategy Connie Benton July 14, Search Engine Watch. The Salvaging Of Civilisation H.
Herbert George Wells. Notes and Queries, Number , July 30, Various. Urania Camille Flammarion. Overland John William De Forest. Derived forms of hypothesis hypothesist , noun. Word Origin for hypothesis C from Greek, from hupotithenai to propose, suppose, literally: put under; see hypo- , thesis. A tentative explanation that accounts for a set of facts and can be tested by further investigation. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. A statement that explains or makes generalizations about a set of facts or principles, usually forming a basis for possible experiments to confirm its viability.
Usage The words hypothesis, law, and theory refer to different kinds of statements, or sets of statements, that scientists make about natural phenomena. A hypothesis is a proposition that attempts to explain a set of facts in a unified way.
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