Guangzhou 9, Kilometer. Delhi 6, Kilometer. Moscow 3, Kilometer. Shenzhen 9, Kilometer. Dhaka 8, Kilometer. Seoul 10, Kilometer. Wuhan 9, Kilometer. Lagos 5, Kilometer. Jakarta 10, Kilometer. Tokyo 11, Kilometer. New York City 6, Kilometer. Dongguan 9, Kilometer.
Taipei 10, Kilometer. Kinshasa 6, Kilometer. Lima 9, Kilometer. Cairo 3, Kilometer. London Kilometer. Chongqing 9, Kilometer. Chengdu 8, Kilometer. Baghdad 4, Kilometer. Nanjing 9, Kilometer.
Tehran 4, Kilometer. Nanchong 9, Kilometer. Hong Kong 9, Kilometer. Lahore 6, Kilometer. Shenyang 10, Kilometer. Hangzhou 10, Kilometer. Rio de Janeiro 9, Kilometer.
Harbin 10, Kilometer. Suzhou 10, Kilometer. Shantou 10, Kilometer. Bangkok 9, Kilometer. Bengaluru 7, Kilometer. Saint Petersburg 2, Kilometer. Santiago 11, Kilometer. Kolkata 8, Kilometer. Sydney 15, Kilometer. Yangon 8, Kilometer. Jinan 9, Kilometer. Chennai 8, Kilometer. Zhengzhou 9, Kilometer. Melbourne 15, Kilometer. Riyadh 5, Kilometer. Changchun 10, Kilometer. Dalian 10, Kilometer. Los Angeles 9, Kilometer.
Chattogram 8, Kilometer. Kunming 8, Kilometer. Newcastle remained a stronghold against invasions from the Scots during the Middle Ages, thanks in part to the 25 foot defensive stone wall which was erected in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries to encircle the town. Although the wall was largely destroyed in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, there are still a number of sections which remain today, particularly to the west of the city. It was during the Middle Ages that the town flourished as a frontrunner in the wool trade , wool being a key commodity during medieval times.
In recognition of its strategic position the town was favoured by the royals, receiving its own mayor in and becoming a county town in complete with its own sheriff. Even the decline of the wool trade in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries had little effect on Newcastle since a royal act in had decreed that all coal exports in the North East were shipped from Newcastle quayside, even coal which was not mined in the town.
This allowed Newcastle to prosper as a regional centre for trade and halted the growth of local neighbours such as Sunderland, thus creating a rivalry which remains today. However, its prominent trade links were soon restored and it was business as usual after the Reformation when Newcastle began to trade and export products such as iron, slate and glass.
The commercial industry was not the only sector to flourish in Newcastle. By the eighteenth century the printing industry was the fourth biggest in UK after London , Oxford and Cambridge and the Newcastle Gazette and the Newcastle Courant were the first newspapers in circulation in northern England when they were introduced in and The establishment of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Newcastle upon Tyne in or the Lit and Phil as it is affectionately referred to attracted intellectuals and academics alike with its wide-ranging debates and plentiful literature in French, Spanish, German and Latin.
The building even became the first to use electric lightbulbs when the inventor Joseph Swan chose the Lit and Phil as the showcase for his latest invention. During the industrial revolution of , heavy industry thrived in Newcastle and its location made it an ideal base for building the ships and steam trains which powered the era.
A number of advancements such as the invention of the steam turbine and the Davy lamp can also be credited to the town. This industrial expansion lead to a huge influx of people, with the population rising from 87, in to , in and the honour of city status in Affluent suburbs appeared on the outskirts of the city centre, made possible by the advancements in railways and tramways. In contrast to the success of the eighteen and nineteenth centuries, Newcastle and the rest of Tyne and Wear saw a steady decline in heavy industry in the interwar period of the early twentieth century and unemployment grew steadily following the economic depression of the s.
0コメント